Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder that causes fluid-filled cysts to grow in the kidneys. These cysts make the kidneys too big and eventually cause kidney failure. It is a serious condition that may require dialysis or a kidney transplant. There are two types of PKD:
At Children’s Hospital of Richmond at VCU, our nationally ranked nephrology team is known leaders in kidney care for kids – including diagnosing, treating and managing polycystic kidney disease. We work together with teams across our hospital, including urologists, dietitians, transplant teams and many others, to develop a plan that’s right for your child.
ARPKD is not common. It affects roughly 1 in 20,000 children. ADPKD is much more common. In fact, it’s the most common hereditary kidney disorder, which means it’s passed through family members. Researchers estimate that ADPKD affects 1 in every 400 to 1,000 people.
PKD is hereditary. Someone in the family must have the gene that causes PKD to pass it along to their children.
ARPKD is often diagnosed in utero or shortly after birth. Your doctor may order additional testing if your baby presents any of these symptoms:
ADPKD can be diagnosed in utero, childhood and, sometimes, not until adulthood. Your child may show different symptoms based on the severity of disease and when it’s diagnosed. Symptoms of ADPKD include:
Typically, at least one parent will know they have ADPKD. This can help diagnose the condition sooner and monitor it at an earlier stage.
PKD can affect many aspects of your child’s life. That’s why we work across specialties to connect your child, and entire family, to the care, support and services you need. Depending on the severity of your child’s condition and symptoms they experience, that may include:
Over time, kidney function may worsen and lead to kidney failure. Dialysis can help filter water and waste out of the blood until a kidney transplant is performed. Sometimes, PKD affects other organs. Children with severe complications may need a joint liver and kidney transplant.